Visual processing varies as a function of the retinal location at which a stimulus is presented: with increasing eccentricity, processing is affected by crowding and a decrease in resolution (see Rosenholtz, 2016 and Stewart, Valsecchi, & Schütz, 2020 for reviews). Being able to rapidly move the central parts of the eyes is therefore necessary to extract fine detail across large parts of the visual field. Consequently, eye movements are critical for visual processing, and it is important to understand what processes underpin gaze guidance. Currently, the most popular framework for answering this question assumes that the factors influencing human gaze allocation belong to two broad categories: image-computable features of the input processed in a bottom-up fashion, and the internal states of the individual, such as knowledge or intentions, exerting their influence in a top-down manner (Berga & Otazu, 2020; Henderson & Hayes, Citation: Pedziwiatr, MA, Kümmerer, M., Wallis, TSA, Bethge, M., & Teufel, C.(2022). Semantic object-scene inconsistencies affect eye movements, but not in the way predicted by contextualized meaning maps. Journal of Vision, 22 (2): 9, 1–20, https://doi. org/10.1167/jov. 22.2. 9.